A muzzle

rōstrum, i, n. [rodo], the bill or beak of a bird; the snout, muzzle, mouth of animals (cf. proboscis).

Lit.:

cibum arripere aduncitate rostrorum,

Cic. N. D. 2, 47, 122:

aves corneo proceroque rostro,

id. ib. 1, 36, 101; Liv. 41, 13; Ov. M. 2, 376; 5, 545; 6, 673 et saep. al.:

arietes tortis cornibus pronis ad rostrum,

Varr. R. R. 2, 2, 4;

of goats,

id. ib. 2, 3, 2;

of swine,

Cic. Div. 1, [p. 1601] 13, 23; 2, 21, 48; Ov. M. 8, 371; 10, 713; 14, 282;

of dogs,

id. ib. 1, 536; 3, 249;

of wolves,

Plin. 28, 10, 44, § 157;

of stags,

id. 8, 32, 50, § 112;

of a dolphin,

id. 9, 8, 7, § 20;

of tortoises,

id. 9, 10, 12, § 37;

of bees,

id. 11, 10, 10, § 21 et saep.—

In familiar or contemptuous lang., like our muzzle, snout, of persons, Lucil. ap. Fest. s. v. squarrosi, p. 329 Müll.; Plaut. Men. 1, 1, 13; Lucil., Nov., and Varr. ap. Non. 455, 10 sq.; Petr. 75, 10; so,

too, of human statues,

Dig. 19, 1, 17 fin. —

Transf.

In gen., of objects having a similar shape, the curved point of a vine-dresser's billhook, Col. 4, 25, 1;

of a plough,

Plin. 18, 18, 48, § 171;

of hammers,

id. 34, 14, 41, § 144;

of lamps,

id. 28, 11, 46, § 163;

of an island,

id. 10, 33, 49, § 137.—

Esp. freq., the curved end of a ship ' s prow, a ship ' s beak; sing.:

neque his (navibus) nostrae rostro nocere poterant,

Caes. B. G. 3, 13; so id. ib. 3, 14; id. B. C. 2, 6; Liv. 28, 30; 37, 30; Verg. A. 10, 157; 301:

navis, cui argenteum aut aureum rostrum est,

Sen. Ep. 76, 13; Ov. M. 4, 705 al. — Plur., Auct. B. Alex. 44, 3;

46, 2.—Sometimes of a triple form: convolsum remis rostrisque tridentibus aequor,

Verg. A. 5, 143; cf. Val. Fl. 1, 688:

rostrum trifidum,

Sil. 6, 358.—Hence,

Rostra, the Rostra, a stage or platform for speakers in the Forum, so called from being adorned with the beaks of ships taken from the Antians A.U.C. 416, Liv. 8, 14; Varr. L. L. 5, § 155 Müll.; Plin. 34, 5, 11, § 20; Ascon. Mil. p. 43 Orell.; cf. Becker, Antiq. I. p. 279 sq. and p. 290; and, in gen., the place from which the assembled people were addressed, the orator ' s pulpit, or platform:

ut semper in rostris curiam, in senatu populum defenderim,

Cic. Pis. 3, 7:

ut in rostris prius quam in senatu litterae recitarentur,

Liv. 27, 50 fin.:

in rostra escendere,

Cic. Off. 3, 20, 80; Liv. 30, 17:

descendere ad rostra,

Suet. Vit. 15:

procedere in rostra,

Plin. Pan. 65, 3:

cum Vettius descendisset de rostris,

Cic. Vatin. 11, 26; cf.:

aliquem de rostris deducere,

Caes. B. C. 3, 21:

rem a subselliis ad rostra detulit,

Cic. Clu. 40, 111:

caput Sulpicii erectum et ostentatum pro rostris,

Vell. 2, 19, 1; cf.:

aliquem defunctum laudare e more pro rostris (v. pro, II. 2.),

Suet. Caes. 6; so,

pro rostris,

id. ib. 17; 20; 79; 84; id. Aug. 100; id. Tib. 6; id. Calig. 10; id. Claud. 22; id. Ner. 47; Sen. Cons. ad Marc. 15, 3; Tac. A. 3, 5; 76; 4, 12; 5, 1;

for which: laudavit ipse apud rostra formam ejus,

id. ib. 16, 6:

frigidus a rostris manat per compita rumor,

Hor. S. 2, 6, 50.— Sing.:

tenere rostrum,

Luc. 1, 275:

rostrum forumque optare,

id. 7, 65.— Poet.:

campumque et rostra movebat,

i. e. the assembled people, Luc. 8, 685.

* * *

* * *

* * *

burra, ae, f. [burrus].

A small cow with a red mouth or muzzle, acc. to Fest. s. v.—

A shaggy garment, Anthol. Lat. 5, 133, 5.—Hence, plur.: burrae, ārum, f., trifles, nonsense (post-class.): burras, quisquilias, ineptiasque, etc., Aus. praef. ad Latin. Pacat. 3.

burra, ae, f. [burrus].

A small cow with a red mouth or muzzle, acc. to Fest. s. v.—

A shaggy garment, Anthol. Lat. 5, 133, 5.—Hence, plur.: burrae, ārum, f., trifles, nonsense (post-class.): burras, quisquilias, ineptiasque, etc., Aus. praef. ad Latin. Pacat. 3.

cāmus, i, m., = kêmos (Dor. kamos).

A muzzle for horses (only in eccl. Lat.), Vulg. Psa. 31, 9; Ambros. Hex. 6, 3.—

Perh. a kind of collar for the neck, Non. p. 200, 16 (Trag. Rel. v. 302 Rib.). ‡† cana, Gr. ( *kaneon, plur. kanea kanê, a wicker basket) for canistra, acc. to Paul. ex Fest. p. 45 Müll.

cāmus, i, m., = kêmos (Dor. kamos).

A muzzle for horses (only in eccl. Lat.), Vulg. Psa. 31, 9; Ambros. Hex. 6, 3.—

Perh. a kind of collar for the neck, Non. p. 200, 16 (Trag. Rel. v. 302 Rib.). ‡† cana, Gr. ( *kaneon, plur. kanea kanê, a wicker basket) for canistra, acc. to Paul. ex Fest. p. 45 Müll.

căpistrum, i, n. [capio].

A halter, a muzzle of leather for animals, Gr. phorbeia, Varr. R. R. 2, 6, 4; Ov. M. 10, 125; Verg. G. 3, 188; 3, 399.—

Trop.: maritale capistrum, the matrimonial halter, Juv. 6, 43. —

Transf., of plants,

A band for fastening up vines, Col. 4, 20, 3.—

A band for the wine-press, Cato, R. R. 12.

fīgo, xi, xum, 3 (archaic part. perf. ficta, Lucr. 3, 4; Varr. R. R. 3, 7, 4), v. a. [Gr. sphing-ô, to bind fast; sphigmos, phimos, muzzle; cf. fīlum, for figlum. Curt. Gr. Etym. p. 186; Germ. dick. dicht; Engl. thick. etc., Corss. Krit. Nachtr. p. 233], to fix, fasten, drive or thrust in, attach, affix (class.; cf.: pango, configo, defigo).

Lit., constr. aliquid, aliquid in with abl. ( poet. also in with acc., or aliquid with abl. only):

imbrices medias clavulis,

Cato, R. R. 21, 3:

palum in parietem,

Plaut. Mil. 4, 4, 4:

mucrones in cive an in hoste,

Cic. Phil. 14, 3, 6:

tabulam decreti Caesaris aut beneficii,

to post up, id. ib. 1, 1, 3; cf. id. ib. 12, 5 fin.:

Antonius accepta grandi pecunia fixit legem a dictatore comitiis latam,

i. e. posted it up as having been carried, id. Att. 14, 12, 1; cf.:

adsentiri, ne qua tabula ullius decreti Caesaris figeretur,

id. Phil. 1, 1, 3:

fixit leges pretio atque refixit,

Verg. A. 6, 622:

quique aera legum vetustate delapsa, noscerent figerentque,

Tac. H. 4, 40:

nec verba minacia aere fixo legebantur,

Ov. M. 1, 91:

quam damnatis crucem servis fixeras,

hadst fixed in the ground, erected, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 6, § 12:

feraces plantas humo,

to plant, set, Verg. G. 4, 115:

clavos verticibus,

Hor. C. 3, 24, 5:

cuneos,

Plin. 17, 14, 24, § 109 (dub.):

veribus trementia (frusta),

to fix on spits, Verg. A. 1, 212:

spicula pectore,

Prop. 2, 13, 2 (3, 4, 2 M.);

for which: harundo in vertice fixa,

Hor. S. 1, 8, 7:

cristas vertice,

Verg. A. 10, 701:

fumantes taedas sub pectore,

id. ib. 7, 457:

notas in collo dente,

to impress, Tib. 1, 8, 38:

virus in venas per vulnera,

injects, Cic. Arat. 432: vestigia, plants his steps, i. e. moves on, Verg. A. 6, 159:

arma quae fixa in parietibus fuerant,

fastened up, hung up, Cic. Div. 1, 34, 74; cf.:

scuta sublime fixa,

id. ib. 2, 31, 67:

arma ad postem Herculis,

Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 5:

arma thalamo,

Verg. A. 4, 495:

arma Troïa hic,

id. ib. 1, 248:

clipeum postibus,

id. ib. 3, 287:

dona Laurenti Divo,

id. ib. 12, 768: ID AES AD STATVAM LORICATAM DIVI IVLII, S. C. ap. Plin. Ep. 8, 6, 13:

qui spolia ex hoste fixa domi haberent,

Liv. 23, 23, 6; 38, 43, 11:

navalem coronam fastigio Palatinae domus,

Suet. Claud. 17:

luteum opus celsā sub trabe (hirundo),

Ov. F. 1, 158: ipse summis saxis fixus asperis, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 44, 107, and id. Pis. 19, 43 (Trag. v. 413 ed. Vahl.):

aliquem cruci,

nail, Quint. 7, 1, 30; Suet. Dom. 10:

corpus lacerum in crucem (al. cruce),

Just. 21, 4 fin.:

figit in virgine vultus,

fixes, Verg. A. 12, 70:

oculos solo,

id. ib. 1, 482:

oculos in terram,

Sen. Ep. 11: in poet. transf.:

oculos horrenda in virgine fixus,

Verg. A. 11, 507 (cf.:

defixus lumina vultu,

id. ib. 6, 156; Tac. A. 3, 1):

Caesar in silentium fixus,

Tac. A. 6, 50 (56):

obstipo capite et figentes lumine terram,

Pers. 3, 80:

foribus miser oscula figit,

kisses, Lucr. 4, 1179:

oscula dulcia,

Verg. A. 1, 687:

sedem Cumis,

to fix his abode, Juv. 3, 2:

domos,

Tac. A. 13, 54.—

Transf., to fix by piercing through, to transfix, pierce (cf. configo, II.):

hunc intorto figit telo,

Verg. A. 10, 382:

hunc jaculo acuto,

Ov. M. 10, 131: hostes telis, Auct. B. Alex. 30 fin.:

fixisse puellas gestit (Cupido),

Tib. 2, 1, 71:

cervos,

Verg. E. 2, 29:

dammas,

id. G. 1, 308; id. A. 5, 515; Sil. 1, 305:

cutem (clavi),

Sen. Prov. 3:

olli per galeam fixo stetit hasta cerebro,

Verg. A. 12, 537:

aprum,

Juv. 1, 23:

figar a sagitta,

Ov. H. 16, 278:

vulnus,

to inflict, Mart. 1, 61, 4.

Trop.

To fix, fasten, direct.

With in and abl.: ego omnia mea studia, omnem operam, curam, industriam, cogitationem, [p. 749] mentem denique omnem in Milonis consulatu fixi et locavi, Cic. Fam. 2, 6, 3.—

With in and acc. (rare):

fixus in silentium,

Tac. A. 6, 50.—

In other constructions:

beneficium, quemadmodum dicitur, trabali clavo,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 21, § 53:

nostras intra te fige querelas,

Juv. 9, 94:

penitus hoc se malum fixit,

Sen. Tranq. 15:

nequitiae fige modum tuae,

Hor. C. 3, 15, 2. —

(Acc. to I. B.) Of speech, to sting; taunt, rally a person:

aliquem maledictis,

Cic. N. D. 1, 34, 93:

adversarios,

id. Or. 26, 89.—Hence, fixus, a, um, P. a., fixed, fast, immovable.

Lit. (very rare):

illud maneat et fixum sit,

Cic. Rab. Post. 9, 25:

inque tuis nunc Fixa pedum pono pressis vestigia signis,

i. e. firmly fixed in, Lucr. 3, 4; cf.

in the foll.: astra,

the fixed stars, Manil. 2, 35; so,

flammae,

Ov. Tr. 4, 3, 15.— Far more freq.,

Trop.:

vestigia (integritatis) non pressa leviter, sed fixa ad memoriam illius provinciae sempiternam,

Cic. Sest. 5, 13:

non ita fixum, ut convelli non liceret,

id. Clu. 45, 126: fixum et statutum, id. Mur., 30, 62; cf.:

consilium fixum,

id. Att. 6, 14, 2:

animo fixum immotumque sedere, ne, etc.,

Verg. A, 4, 15: fixum est, with a subj.-clause, it is fixed, determined, Sil. 2, 364; 3, 114:

decretum stabile, fixum, ratum,

Cic. Ac. 2, 9, 27; cf.:

ratum, fixum, firmum,

permanent, id. ib. 2, 46, 141:

illud fixum in animis vestris tenetote,

fixed, impressed, id. Balb. 28, 64: quae perpetuo animo meo fixa manebunt, Lepid. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 34, 3.— Adv.: fixe, fixedly (late Lat.):

ubi tenacius habitabit et fixius,

Aug. Ep. 6 fin.

prae-fīgo, xi, xum, 3, v. a., to fix or fasten before, to set up in front, to fix on the end or extremity of.

Lit. (class., but not in Cic.):

ripa erat acutis sudibus praefixis munita,

Caes. B. G. 5, 18; so,

praefigere aëneos cancellos foraminibus,

Col. 8, 17, 6:

arma puppibus,

Verg. A. 10, 80:

in hastis Praefigunt capita,

id. ib. 9, 466; cf.:

vexillum in biremis puppe,

Suet. Calig. 15:

rostrum lupi villarum portis,

Plin. 28, 10, 44, § 157:

caput hastae,

Suet. Caes. 85.— Poet.: nigrum theta (i. e. Th, as a sign of death on Roman inscriptions) vitio, to mark crime with the black theta, i. e. to condemn it, Pers. 4, 13.—

Transf., aliquid aliquā re.

To tip, head, point, etc.:

asseres cuspidibus praefixi,

Caes. B. C. 2, 2: jacula praefixa ferro, Liv. 26, 4, 4:

aere aut ferro praefixae hastae,

Curt. 3, 2, 7:

ferro praefixum robur acuto,

Verg. A. 10, 479:

ora capistris,

to muzzle, id. G. 3, 399.—

To close, block up (post-Aug.):

prospectus om nes,

to wall up, build up, Plin. 19, 4, 19, § 59:

fenestrae praefixae,

Dig. 8, 2, 5.—

To pierce, transfix with something:

latus praefixa veru,

Tib. 1, 7, 55 (6, 49).—

To enchant, bewitch, Quint. Decl. 10, 8.